Objective SC.3 Assure equitable and democratic participation throughout the planning process

NOTE TO READER: Unlike the other objectives which have citywide or neighborhood level key indicators, this community participation objective focuses on project, plan, or policy level processes. Specifically, assessment of equitable and democratic participation throughout the planning process requires analysis of who, how, when, and why people were engaged in plan development for the specific proposed policy or project. As a result, there is no pre-collected indicator data, but rather this data must be gathered and evaluated during and following the planning process (hence "in process" indicators).

Although recommendations on how to improve community engagement may be made throughout the entire planning process, analysis of the quality of participation may only be conducted during or after a proposal has been developed (not before) because the content to be analyzed is the process itself. The list below describes a number of activities that can be undertaken to improve equitable and democratic participation in planning processes.

1. Better Streets San Francisco. List of Better Streets Outreach Meetings. http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/Citywide/Better_Streets/Draft_BSP_A_Appendices.pdf
2. The Jefferson Center. Citizen Jury Process. www.jefferson-center.org
3. The Danish Board of Technology. Danish Participatory Models (including Consensus Conference). http://www.tekno.dk/subpage.php3?article=472&toppic=kategori12&language=uk
4. CharetteCenter.net. Charettes Documented Online. http://www.charrettecenter.net/charrettecenter.asp?a=spf&pfk=7&gk=290
5. City of Fort Myers. East Fort Myers Revitalization Plan. http://www.cityftmyers.com/Default.aspx?tabid=515
6. Health Impact Assessment of the Still/Lyell Freeway Channel in the Excelsior District. http://www.sfphes.org/HIA_PODER.htm
7. Park Renovation and Health: Collaboration with the Trust for Public Land’s Parks for People and the RAND Corporation. http://www.sfphes.org/Parks.htm and Treasure Island Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning. http://www.sfphes.org/comm_ti_bicycle_ped.htm
8. Western SoMa Citizens Planning Task Force. http://www.sfgov.org/site/westernsoma_index.asp; Eastern Neighborhoods Community Health Impact Assessment. http://www.sfphes.org/ENCHIA.htm; US Environmental Protection Agency. Case Studies on Stakeholder Involvement Activities. April 1999. http://www.epa.gov/publicinvolvement/casestudies.htm
9. International Association for Public Participation. IAP2’s Toolbox for Public Participation. http://iap2.affiniscape.com/associations/4748/files/06Dec_Toolbox.pdf
11. International Association for Public Participation. IAP2’s Toolbox for Public Participation. http://iap2.affiniscape.com/associations/4748/files/06Dec_Toolbox.pdf; People’s Plan for Urban Land Reform. http://www.podersf.org/?q=node/41
12. US Green Building Council. LEED-ND. NPD Credit 15: Community Outreach and Involvement.
14. International Association for Public Participation. IAP2’s Toolbox for Public Participation. http://iap2.affiniscape.com/associations/4748/files/06Dec_Toolbox.pdf
15. Environmental Protection Agency. Public Involvement. Case Studies. http://www.epa.gov/publicinvolvement/casestudies.htm
16. Governor’s Office of Planning and Research. Circulation and Notice Under the California Environmental Quality Act. http://ceres.ca.gov/planning/ceqa/circulation/
17. San Francisco Planning Department. Market and Octavia Planning Process. Exhibit A – 2 List of Public Meetings and Outreach. http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/Citywide/pdf/I_ExSum_A-1_A-2.pdf and Louisiana Speaks: A Case Study Examining the Use of Web Technologies to Engage Residents in the Planning Process. http://www.urbaninsight.com/articles/lascasestudy0409.html
18. San Francisco Planning Department. About the Eastern Neighborhoods. http://www.sfgov.org/site/planning_index.asp?id=66268
19. US Green Building Council. LEED-ND. NPD Credit 15: Community Outreach and Involvement.
20. US Environmental Protection Agency. Case Studies on Stakeholder Involvement Activities. April 1999. http://www.epa.gov/publicinvolvement/casestudies.htm
21. US Green Building Council. LEED-ND. NPD Credit 15: Community Outreach and Involvement; San Francisco Planning Department. Japantown Planning Meeting Summary. October, 2007. http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/Citywide/Japantown/Meeting%20Summary%20-%2010.18.2007.pdf
22. San Francisco Planning Code. Section 318. Community Improvements Fund and SOMA Community Stabilization Fund in DTR Districts. http://library1.municode.com/4201/template.htm?view=document&doc_action=setDoc&doc_keytype=tocid&doc_key=6f7ddc56e7ca487eea434e19110ddc0c; San Francisco Planning Code. Section 327. Eastern Neighborhoods Public Benefit Fund. http://library1.municode.com:80/4201/home.htm?view=home&doc_action=setdoc&doc_keytype=tocid&doc_key=a0a47647884c7f5b5fd687ae1edfa19c; San Francisco Planning Code. Chapter 38. Transit Impact Development Fee. http://library1.municode.com/4201/template.htm?view=document&doc_action=setHitDoc&doc_hit=1; San Francisco Planning Code. Section 318.10. Visitacion Valley Community Facilities and Infrastructure Fee and Fund. http://library1.municode.com:80/4201/home.htm?view=home&doc_action=setdoc&doc_keytype=tocid&doc_key=bd88a252a1722156a9f13591e3fab798; San Francisco Planning Department. Draft Japantown Better Neighborhood Plan. Appendix D: Community Benefit District Case Studies. http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/Citywide/Japantown/Appendix_D_Community_Benefit_District_Case_Studies.pdf
24. Putnam RD. 1993. The prosperous community. Social Capital and economic growth. American Prospect Spring 1993:35-42.
25. Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, Lochner K, Prothrow-Stith D. 1997. Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. Am J of Public Health 87:1491-8.
26. Kreuter MW, Lezin N. 2002. Social Capital Theory: Implications for Community-Based Health Promotion. In Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research. Eds. DiClemente RJ, Crosby RA, Kegler MC. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
27. Cummins S, Stafford M, Macintyre S, Marmot M, Ellaway A. 2005. Neighbourhood environment and its association with self rated health: evidence from Scotland and England. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59:207-213.
28. Kim D, Kawachi I. 2006. A multilevel analysis of key forms of community- and individual-level social capital as predictors of self-rated health in the United States. Journal of Urban Health 83(5):813-26.
29. Minkler M, Wallerstein N. eds. 2003. Community-Based Participatory Research for Health. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
30. University of Michigan. Environmental Justice Case Study: San Francisco Energy Company in Bayview/Hunter's Point, CA. Accessed at: http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/melissa.html
31. University of Michigan. Environmental Justice Case Study: Hog Farming in North Carolina. http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/statter.html
32. Joffe C, Yanow S. 2005. Advanced practice clinicians as abortion providers: Current developments in the United States. Reproductive Health Matters 12(24 Suppl):198-206.
33. Bandura A. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. Pages 1-7, 279-313.
34. Grattidge B, Lawler A. 2003. State of California General Plan Guidelines, Office of Planning and Research.
35. EPA Insight Policy Paper: Executive Order #12898 on Environmental Justice. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/fedfac/documents/executive_order_12898.htm.
36. Allen DB, Takvorian D, eds. 2003. CalEPA, Recommendations of CalEPA Advisory Committee on Environmental Justice to the CalEPA Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice - Final Report. California Environmental Protection Agency. p. 1-58.
37. San Francisco Better Neighborhoods Program. http://www.sfgov.org/site/planning_index.asp?id=25162